Qocho City was the largest central town in Turpan Basin in the southern foot of the Tian-shan Mountains, dating back from the 1st century BC to the 14th century AD. During the period from the 1st century BC to the 8th century AD, it witnessed historical evolution as Qocho Garrison, Qocho Commandery and the capital of the Kingdom of Qocho successively. During the Tang Dynasty, Xizhou Prefecture was set in Qocho City, making it an important political, economic, cultural, religious and military center and transportation hub in the southern foot of the Tian-shan Mountains. From the 9th through the 13th century AD, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Qocho Uyghur. Qocho City witnessed the important role of facilitating and safeguarding the pioneering and prosperity of the Silk Roads played by the dynastic empires in Central China such as the Han and the Tang, through establishing prefecture or county level administrative units. It is attests the civilizations of the Kingdom of Qocho and the Kingdom of Qocho Uyghur in the Western Regions in ancient times and the exchanges and spread of urban culture, architectural skills, various religions and multi-ethnic cultures in Turpan Basin.
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