The city was known in the sources of the 11th – early 13th centuries as the capital of Karluk “dzhabgu” – an independent possesion of Turkic-Karluks in Karakhanids’ Khanate. In the middle of the 13th century Guillaume de Rubrouck, an ambassador of Louis IX King of France, visited the city on his way to Mongol Khan Mengu. He described the city as a big trade center.
Kayalyk is a medieval Kaylak and the largest settlement in Ili valley. It is located on the eastern outskirts of Koilyk (Antonovka) village, on the banks of Ashybulak river, 190 km northeast of Taldykorgan. In the south and southeast of Kayalyk there are spurs of near Jungar mountain ridges, the northern and western sides of the settlemen are bordered by fertile land, irrigated by numerous springs that feed springs and melt water of high glaciers.
Topography of the settlement can be summarized as follows: high outer walls of the layers made of pakhsa (clay) the central core – arc (citadel), the city itself – shakhristan and suburbs – rabad. External clay walls are preserved to a height of 2-3.5 m, dulling walls have a width of 11-13 meters and bordered by tetragonal shakhristan building and parts of rabad of total area of 100 hectares. Settlement of long axis in length of 1290 m, is elongated in the northeast to southwest and northwest axis, southeast for a distance of 840 m.
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