Prof. of History of East and South East Asia, Dept. of History, University of Pisa, Retired

Research Fellow, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune (India) 1967-1968
Assistant Professor, Political Economy, Political Science Faculty, Rome University, 1968-1974
Visiting Researcher, India Office Library and Records, London (1979-1980)
Visiting Researcher, School of Oriental and African Studies, London (1983-1984) 
Associate Professor (Tenured), History of East and South East Asia, Dept. of Modern and Contemporary History, University of Pisa, 1975-2012
Associate Professor (Temporary), Industrial Archeology, Corso di Laurea in Conservazione dei Beni Culturali, Università di Pisa (1994-1998)
Scientific Coordinator for Italy, Silk Cultural Itineraries, Council of Europe, Strasbourg 1991-2000
Visiting Professor, Institute for Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, 1999 - 2000.
Chercheur Associé, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre de Recherches Historiques, Paris, 2003-2006. for Industrial Archaeology) 2004.